235 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
235 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
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[题目传送门](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1EG4y1h7P1)
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第四题还没看
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## 表达式转换与表达式求值
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### 一、四则运算
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#### 中缀转后缀
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```c++
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/*
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比如:
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a+b*c+(d*e+f)*g
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应输出:
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abc*+de*f+g*+
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*/
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#include <iostream>
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#include <cstring>
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#include <stack>
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#include <unordered_map>
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using namespace std;
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unordered_map<char, int> h{{'+', 1}, {'-', 1}, {'*', 2}, {'/', 2}, {'(', 0}};
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string infix; //输入的中缀表达式
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string postfix; //后缀的结果表达式
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stack<char> s; //使用到的操作符+数字栈,这里的数字不用真的计算,所以统一按字符处理
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int main() {
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cin >> infix;
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for (int i = 0; i < infix.size(); i++) {
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//是数字或字母的情况,直接记录到后缀表达式中
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if (isdigit(infix[i]) || (infix[i] >= 'a' && infix[i] <= 'z'))
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postfix += infix[i];
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else {
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//① 栈为空时直接入栈
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if (s.empty()) s.push(infix[i]);
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//② 左括号入栈
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else if (infix[i] == '(')
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s.push(infix[i]);
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//③ 如果是右括号,就在栈中不断弹出操作符和数字,直到栈顶是(为止
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else if (infix[i] == ')') {
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while (s.top() != '(') {
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postfix += s.top();
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s.pop();
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}
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//弹出左括号,但不输出
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s.pop();
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} else {
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//④栈顶元素的优先级大于等于当前的运算符,就将其输出
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while (s.size() && h[infix[i]] <= h[s.top()]) {
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postfix += s.top();
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s.pop();
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}
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//⑤当前运算符入栈
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s.push(infix[i]);
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}
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}
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}
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//⑥ 如果不为空,就把所有的元素全部弹出
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while (s.size()) {
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postfix += s.top();
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s.pop();
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}
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//输出后缀表达式
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cout << postfix << endl;
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return 0;
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}
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```
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#### 后缀表达式求值
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```c++
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#include <iostream>
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#include <stack>
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#include <string>
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#include <unordered_map>
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//下面的代码实现了由中缀表达式求值的过程
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using namespace std;
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/*
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测试用例I:
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(2+2)*(1+1)
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答案:8
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测试用例II:
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2+(3*4)-((5*9-5)/8-4)
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答案:13
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*/
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stack<int> num; //数字栈
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stack<char> op; //操作符栈
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//优先级表
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unordered_map<char, int> h{{'+', 1}, {'-', 1}, {'*', 2}, {'/', 2}, {'(', 0}};
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/**
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* 功能:计算两个数的和差积商
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*/
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void eval() {
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int a = num.top(); //第二个操作数
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num.pop();
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int b = num.top(); //第一个操作数
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num.pop();
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char p = op.top(); //运算符
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op.pop();
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int r = 0; //结果
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//计算结果
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if (p == '+')
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r = b + a;
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else if (p == '-')
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r = b - a;
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else if (p == '*')
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r = b * a;
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else if (p == '/')
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r = b / a;
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//结果入栈
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num.push(r);
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}
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int main() {
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//读入表达式
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string s;
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cin >> s;
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//遍历字符串的每一位
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for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); i++) {
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//① 如果是数字,则入栈
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if (isdigit(s[i])) {
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//读出完整的数字
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int x = 0;
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while (i < s.size() && isdigit(s[i])) {
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x = x * 10 + s[i] - '0';
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i++;
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}
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i--; //加多了一位,需要减去
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num.push(x); //数字入栈
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}
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//② 左括号无优先级,入栈
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else if (s[i] == '(')
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op.push(s[i]);
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//③ 右括号时,需计算最近一对括号里面的值
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else if (s[i] == ')') {
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//从栈中向前找,一直找到左括号
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while (op.top() != '(') eval(); //将左右括号之间的计算完,维护回栈里
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//左括号出栈
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op.pop();
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} else { //④ 运算符
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//如果待入栈运算符优先级低,则先计算
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while (op.size() && h[op.top()] >= h[s[i]]) eval();
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op.push(s[i]); //操作符入栈
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}
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}
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while (op.size()) eval(); //⑤ 剩余的进行计算
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printf("%d\n", num.top()); //输出结果
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return 0;
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}
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```
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### 二、逻辑运算
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#### 中缀转后缀
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```c++
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//下面的代码实现了中缀的逻辑表达式 转 后缀的逻辑表达式
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#include <iostream>
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#include <cstring>
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#include <stack>
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#include <unordered_map>
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using namespace std;
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/*
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测试用例:
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0&(0|1|0)
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答案:
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001|0|&
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*/
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unordered_map<char, int> h{{'|', 1}, {'&', 2}, {'(', 0}};
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string infix; //输入的中缀表达式
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string postfix; //后缀的结果表达式
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stack<char> s; //使用到的操作符+数字栈,这里的数字不用真的计算,所以统一按字符处理
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int main() {
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cin >> infix;
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for (int i = 0; i < infix.size(); i++) {
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//是数字或字母的情况,直接记录到后缀表达式中
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if (isdigit(infix[i]) || (infix[i] >= 'a' && infix[i] <= 'z'))
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postfix += infix[i];
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else {
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//① 栈为空时直接入栈
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if (s.empty()) s.push(infix[i]);
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//② 左括号入栈
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else if (infix[i] == '(')
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s.push(infix[i]);
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//③ 如果是右括号,就在栈中不断弹出操作符和数字,直到栈顶是(为止
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else if (infix[i] == ')') {
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while (s.top() != '(') {
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postfix += s.top();
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s.pop();
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}
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//弹出左括号,但不输出
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s.pop();
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} else {
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//④栈顶元素的优先级大于等于当前的运算符,就将其输出
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while (s.size() && h[infix[i]] <= h[s.top()]) {
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postfix += s.top();
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s.pop();
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}
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//⑤当前运算符入栈
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s.push(infix[i]);
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}
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}
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}
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//⑥ 如果不为空,就把所有的元素全部弹出
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while (s.size()) {
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postfix += s.top();
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s.pop();
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}
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//输出后缀表达式
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cout << postfix << endl;
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return 0;
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}
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```
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#### 后缀表达式求值
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$(1,a_1,b_1) | (?,a_2,b_2) \Rightarrow (1,a_1,b_1+1)$
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$(0,a_1,b_1) | (?,a_2,b_2) \Rightarrow (?,a_1+a_2,b_1+b_2)$
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$(1,a_1,b_1) \& (?,a_2,b_2) \Rightarrow (?,a_1+a_2,b_1+b_2)$
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$(0,a_1,b_1) \& (?,a_2,b_2) \Rightarrow (0,a_1+1,b_1)$
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