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python/数学课程/【存在性问题.】直角三角形.md
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2025-08-30 18:35:01 +08:00

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![](http://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/BlogImages/2023/03/28a879c61842a85b28458c67fa00afc9.png)
(1) 将三个点代入二次函数,得到一个二元一次方程组,求解即可求出$b,c$
$$
\large \left\{\begin{matrix}
0=-1-b+c & \\
3=-4+2b+c & \\
\end{matrix}\right.
$$
$\therefore a=-1,b=2,c=3,方程:y=-x^2+2x+3$
交$y$轴于点$C$,则$x=0,y=3$ $\therefore C坐标(0,3)$
$D$点坐标可求:
$x_d=-\frac{b}{2a}=\frac{2}{2}=1,y_d=\frac{4ac-b^2}{4a}=4$
$AB$的直线方程也很好求:
$y=kx+b$
$$
\large \left\{\begin{matrix}
0=-k+b& \\
3=2k+b&
\end{matrix}\right.
$$
$\therefore k=1,b=1,y=x+1$
---
**重点是第二问**
由于没有说明$A,C,M$哪个顶点是直角顶点,需要分类讨论:
- $A$是直角顶点
此时,过$A$点引$AC$的垂线
- $C$是直角顶点
此时,过$C$点引$AC$的垂线
- $M$是直角顶点
此时,以$AC$为直径画圆,此圆与$y$轴有两个交点
#### 几何法
1. $AM_1$需要做相似三角形,通过比例关系来求解
$\triangle AM_1F \sim \triangle CEA$
$\frac{CE}{AF}=\frac{AE}{M_1F}$
$1/m=3/2$ $\Rightarrow m=\frac{2}{3}$
$\therefore M1(1,-\frac{2}{3})$
2. ![](http://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/BlogImages/2023/03/033522339a7eab82b8a64f7bf4c5bcb5.png)
#### 代数法
![](http://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/BlogImages/2023/03/a25afe0a6095da3b947907d0a9f97b9e.png)
- 当$A$为直角顶点时:
$AC^2+AM^2=CM^2$
$10+t^2+4=t^2-6t+10$
$t=-\frac{2}{3}$
$\therefore M(1,-\frac{2}{3})$
- 当$C$为直角顶点时:
$AC^2+CM^2=AM^2$
$10+t^2-6t+10=t^2+4$
$t=\frac{8}{3}$
$\therefore M(1,\frac{8}{3})$
- 当$M$为直角顶点时:
$AC^2=AM^2+CM^2$
$10=t^2+4+t^2-6t+10$
$t^2-3t+2=0$
$t=2,t=1$
$\therefore M(1,2)$ 或 $M(1,1)$